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Lesson 1. The verb sein: greetings, du and Sie

I can say hello and goodbye in German at any time of day, introduce myself, and use any form of sein to say who is who — and also negate it and ask about it.

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The verb sein: who you are and who this is

The verb sein: who you are and who this is

The verb sein means “to be”: Ich bin Lena. The forms are in the table. Subjects: ich, du, er, sie, es, wir, ihr, sie, Sie. The word sie means “she” (sie ist) or “they” (sie sind); with a capital, Sie is formal “you” (Sie sind). The capital tells them apart: “she” and “they” are sie, lowercase. English has one “you”; German has three: du for a friend, a relative, a child; ihr for several of them; Sie for a stranger, at work, in an office, for older people. Negation: nicht goes after the form of sein and before what it negates: Ich bin nicht müde. Yes/no question: the verb comes first, with no “do”: Sind Sie Herr Müller? Don't copy English “Yes, I am”: Bist du Emma? — Ja, ich bin Emma. Greetings: Guten Morgen! before noon, Guten Tag! during the day, Guten Abend! in the evening. Goodbye: Tschüss! (informal), Auf Wiedersehen! (formal). To ask how someone is: “Wie geht es dir?” (to a friend) / “Wie geht es Ihnen?” (Sie); dir/Ihnen are set forms. Answer: “Danke, gut.” Herr and Frau go before the last name, not the first name: Frau Weber, Herr Schneider. A noun comes with its article (der/die/das): more in lesson 3. und means “and”. Common mistakes: • NOT “Du bin Jonas” — Du bist Jonas. • NOT “Ja, ich bin.” — Ja, ich bin Emma. • NOT “Wie geht es dir?” to a clerk — Wie geht es Ihnen? • NOT “Sie sind müde?” to a female friend — Bist du müde?
The verb sein in the present tense

The polite Sie takes the same form as sie “they” and is always written with a capital letter.

SubjectForm of seinExample
ichbinIch bin Emma.
dubistDu bist Jonas.
er · sie · esistEr ist ledig.
wirsindWir sind Lisa und Paul.
ihrseidIhr seid verheiratet.
sie (they)sindSie sind Marie und Sophie.
Sie (formal)sindSind Sie Herr Müller?
du, ihr, or Sie

The polite Sie is the same word for one person and for several.

Form of addressTo whomHow it sounds
dua friend, a relative, a childBist du das, Lukas?
ihrseveral people you'd each call duSeid ihr Marie und Jan?
Siea stranger, work, an office, someone olderSind Sie verheiratet, Frau Becker?
Lesson notes
The verb sein: who you are and who this is
The verb sein means “to be”: Ich bin Lena. The forms are in the table. Subjects: ich, du, er, sie, es, wir, ihr, sie, Sie. The word sie means “she” (sie ist) or “they” (sie sind); with a capital, Sie is formal “you” (Sie sind). The capital tells them apart: “she” and “they” are sie, lowercase. English has one “you”; German has three: du for a friend, a relative, a child; ihr for several of them; Sie for a stranger, at work, in an office, for older people. Negation: nicht goes after the form of sein and before what it negates: Ich bin nicht müde. Yes/no question: the verb comes first, with no “do”: Sind Sie Herr Müller? Don't copy English “Yes, I am”: Bist du Emma? — Ja, ich bin Emma. Greetings: Guten Morgen! before noon, Guten Tag! during the day, Guten Abend! in the evening. Goodbye: Tschüss! (informal), Auf Wiedersehen! (formal). To ask how someone is: “Wie geht es dir?” (to a friend) / “Wie geht es Ihnen?” (Sie); dir/Ihnen are set forms. Answer: “Danke, gut.” Herr and Frau go before the last name, not the first name: Frau Weber, Herr Schneider. A noun comes with its article (der/die/das): more in lesson 3. und means “and”. Common mistakes: • NOT “Du bin Jonas” — Du bist Jonas. • NOT “Ja, ich bin.” — Ja, ich bin Emma. • NOT “Wie geht es dir?” to a clerk — Wie geht es Ihnen? • NOT “Sie sind müde?” to a female friend — Bist du müde?
Lesson 1. The verb sein: greetings, du and Sie — German from zero to A1