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Lesson 5. Aylar, fəsillər, tarixlər: months, seasons, dates, and ordinal numbers
I can name a month and a season, say “in May, in summer” (mayda, yayda), name first … tenth, ask and say what today's date is (Ayın beşidir), and say when my birthday is.
Aylar, fəsillər, tarixlər: months, dates, and ordinal numbers
Aylar, fəsillər, tarixlər: months, dates, and ordinal numbers
Months are written lowercase, unlike English. “In May” is the locative, by the last vowel: fevralda, oktyabrda; if the last vowel is e, ə, i, ö, ü — -də: apreldə, ildə. Seasons work the same way: yayda “in summer”. yaz is spring, yay is summer (see the tables).
Ordinal numbers: the number + -ıncı (-inci, -uncu, -üncü) by the last vowel: üçüncü. After a vowel, only -ncı or -nci: ikinci. In figures, with a hyphen: 5-ci, 3-cü, 6-cı, 9-cu.
The date: “Bu gün ayın neçəsidir? — Ayın beşidir”, literally “the fifth of the month”: the number with the “his / her” ending (-ı, -i, -u, -ü; after a vowel -sı, -si) and -dır: ayın ikisi, ayın altısı. A sign says “5 oktyabr”. Ad günü changes with the person: ad günüm “my birthday”, ad günün “your birthday”.
Ay is “month” and “moon”. Sabah is “tomorrow” (sabahınız xeyir is “good morning”). For tomorrow you use the present tense with a time word: “Sabah işləyirəm” — “I'm working tomorrow”.
Common mistakes:
• × “yazda” for “in summer” → yayda (yaz is spring).
• × “oktyabrdə” → oktyabrda (the last vowel is a).
• × “ikiinci” → ikinci (after a vowel: -nci).
• × “yaz” for “summer” → yay.
Months
Months are written with a small letter.
| № | Month | № | Month |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | yanvar | 7 | iyul |
| 2 | fevral | 8 | avqust |
| 3 | mart | 9 | sentyabr |
| 4 | aprel | 10 | oktyabr |
| 5 | may | 11 | noyabr |
| 6 | iyun | 12 | dekabr |
Seasons
“In summer”, “in winter” take the locative ending, like “in May”.
| Season | In English | When? |
|---|---|---|
| yaz | spring | yazda |
| yay | summer | yayda |
| payız | fall | payızda |
| qış | winter | qışda |
Ordinal numbers
In figures, an ordinal is written with a hyphen and the same form of the ending.
| The last vowel of the number | Ending | In figures |
|---|---|---|
| a, ı | -ıncı; after a vowel -ncı | 6-cı |
| e, ə, i | -inci; after a vowel -nci | 5-ci, 2-ci |
| o, u | -uncu | 9-cu, 10-cu |
| ö, ü | -üncü | 3-cü, 4-cü |
Lesson notes
Aylar, fəsillər, tarixlər: months, dates, and ordinal numbers
Months are written lowercase, unlike English. “In May” is the locative, by the last vowel: fevralda, oktyabrda; if the last vowel is e, ə, i, ö, ü — -də: apreldə, ildə. Seasons work the same way: yayda “in summer”. yaz is spring, yay is summer (see the tables).
Ordinal numbers: the number + -ıncı (-inci, -uncu, -üncü) by the last vowel: üçüncü. After a vowel, only -ncı or -nci: ikinci. In figures, with a hyphen: 5-ci, 3-cü, 6-cı, 9-cu.
The date: “Bu gün ayın neçəsidir? — Ayın beşidir”, literally “the fifth of the month”: the number with the “his / her” ending (-ı, -i, -u, -ü; after a vowel -sı, -si) and -dır: ayın ikisi, ayın altısı. A sign says “5 oktyabr”. Ad günü changes with the person: ad günüm “my birthday”, ad günün “your birthday”.
Ay is “month” and “moon”. Sabah is “tomorrow” (sabahınız xeyir is “good morning”). For tomorrow you use the present tense with a time word: “Sabah işləyirəm” — “I'm working tomorrow”.
Common mistakes:
• × “yazda” for “in summer” → yayda (yaz is spring).
• × “oktyabrdə” → oktyabrda (the last vowel is a).
• × “ikiinci” → ikinci (after a vowel: -nci).
• × “yaz” for “summer” → yay.