I can say where I am, where I'm going and coming from, how I travel, and what is where; give directions with sən and with siz; and talk about the weather.
What we review
What we review
English “in” is -da (where?), “to” is -a (where to?), and “from” is -dan (where from?): look at the question.
• By what: avtobusla, metro ilə; on foot — piyada.
• “From … to …”: -dan … -a qədər; “after / before”: -dan sonra, -dan əvvəl.
• What is where: “whose?” + a place word — stolun üstündə, bankın yanında.
• Requests: to sən — the stem (dön); to siz — the stem + -ın / -in / -un / -ün (dönün), after a vowel -yın / -yin / -yun / -yün (oxuyun); get → gedin (t → d before a vowel); the register doesn't change within one sentence.
• Weather: Soyuqdur, Yağış yağır, Külək var.
Now you can ask the way, say where you're going and how, say what is where, and talk about the weather.
Where, where to, where from
English “in” is -da, “to” is -a, and “from” is -dan: look at the question.
| Word | Harada? where? | Hara? where to? | Haradan? where from? |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bakı | Bakıda | Bakıya | Bakıdan |
| mən | məndə | mənə | məndən |
| sən | səndə | sənə | səndən |
| o | onda | ona | ondan |
Question words of modules 1–4
The question word stands where the answer goes; the verb comes last.
| Question | In English |
|---|---|
| kim? | who? |
| nə? | what? |
| haralı? | where from (by origin)? |
| neçə? | how many? |
| kimin? | whose? |
| necə? | how? |
| hansı? | which? what kind? |
| harada? | where? |
| nə vaxt? | when? |
| niyə? nə üçün? | why? what for? |
| hara? | where to? |
| kimə? | toward whom? to whom? |
| haradan? | where from? |
| nə vaxta qədər? | until what time? |
By what?
The word ilə after the vehicle, or the ending -la / -lə joined to it: both are correct.
| Transportation | By what? |
|---|---|
| avtobus | avtobusla |
| metro | metro ilə / metroyla |
Place words
The place word goes after the word in the “whose?” form; ° — recognition only for now.
| Stem | Where? | In English |
|---|---|---|
| üst | üstündə | on, above |
| alt | altında | under |
| yan | yanında | next to, near |
| iç | içində | inside |
| arxa | arxasında | behind |
| qarşı | qarşısında | opposite, in front of |
| ara° | arasında° | between |
Requests: sən and siz
To sən — the verb stem; to siz — the stem + -ın / -in / -un / -ün, after a vowel -yın / -yin / -yun / -yün; get → gedin (t → d).
| Verb | To sən | To siz |
|---|---|---|
| getmək (to go) | get | gedin |
| gəlmək (to come) | gəl | gəlin |
| baxmaq (to look) | bax | baxın |
| oturmaq (to sit down) | otur | oturun |
| dönmək (to turn) | dön | dönün |
| oxumaq (to read) | oxu | oxuyun |
| gözləmək (to wait) | gözlə | gözləyin |
Lesson notes
What we review
English “in” is -da (where?), “to” is -a (where to?), and “from” is -dan (where from?): look at the question.
• By what: avtobusla, metro ilə; on foot — piyada.
• “From … to …”: -dan … -a qədər; “after / before”: -dan sonra, -dan əvvəl.
• What is where: “whose?” + a place word — stolun üstündə, bankın yanında.
• Requests: to sən — the stem (dön); to siz — the stem + -ın / -in / -un / -ün (dönün), after a vowel -yın / -yin / -yun / -yün (oxuyun); get → gedin (t → d before a vowel); the register doesn't change within one sentence.
• Weather: Soyuqdur, Yağış yağır, Külək var.
Now you can ask the way, say where you're going and how, say what is where, and talk about the weather.