I can say which country and city I'm from and ask the person I'm talking to: Men amerikalikman. Siz qayerliksiz?
Qayerliksiz? Where are you from
Qayerliksiz? Where are you from
Why: say what country and city you're from, and ask others.
Countries take a capital letter: Oʻzbekiston, Rossiya. What is what: Rossiya — mamlakat, Toshkent — poytaxt, Buxoro — shahar. The English names are English spellings: Tashkent is Toshkent in Uzbek, with o (also Samarkand — Samarqand, Bukhara — Buxoro, Uzbekistan — Oʻzbekiston, America — Amerika).
“From a place” is the ending -lik, the same for every word. It is joined, and the word is lowercase, unlike English “American”: Toshkent → toshkentlik, Moskva → moskvalik, Rossiya → rossiyalik. Then the personal ending: Men moskvalikman. Siz samarqandliksiz. U buxorolik.
The question is qayerlik: Siz qayerliksiz? Sen qayerliksan? U qayerlik?
The nationality and a person from the country are different words: rus — Russian (nationality), rossiyalik — a person from Russia; oʻzbek — Uzbek (nationality), oʻzbekistonlik — a person from Uzbekistan.
Learn one more question as a whole, with its answer: Qayerdansiz? — Men Amerikadanman — “Where are you from? — I'm from America”. We'll take these words apart later.
Common mistakes:
• NOT “Men Moskvalik” → Men moskvalikman.
• NOT “Men Amerika” → Men amerikalikman.
• NOT “Toshkentlik” with a capital → toshkentlik.
Country, inhabitant, and nationality
The inhabitant follows a rule: country + -lik. The nationality is a separate word.
| Country (in English) | Country | Inhabitant | Nationality |
|---|---|---|---|
| Uzbekistan | Oʻzbekiston | oʻzbekistonlik | oʻzbek |
| Russia | Rossiya | rossiyalik | rus |
| Kazakhstan | Qozogʻiston | qozogʻistonlik | qozoq |
| Tajikistan | Tojikiston | tojikistonlik | tojik |
| Kyrgyzstan | Qirgʻiziston | qirgʻizistonlik | — |
| Turkey | Turkiya | turkiyalik | — |
| Germany | Germaniya | germaniyalik | — |
| the US | Amerika | amerikalik | — |
| China | Xitoy | xitoylik | — |
| Korea | Koreya | koreyalik | koreys |
| England | Angliya | angliyalik | ingliz |
Where people are from: place + -lik
A word with -lik is written joined and lowercase.
| From (in English) | Place | Who |
|---|---|---|
| Tashkent | Toshkent | toshkentlik |
| Samarkand | Samarqand | samarqandlik |
| Bukhara | Buxoro | buxorolik |
| Moscow | Moskva | moskvalik |
| abroad | chet el | chet ellik |
Lesson notes
Qayerliksiz? Where are you from
Why: say what country and city you're from, and ask others.
Countries take a capital letter: Oʻzbekiston, Rossiya. What is what: Rossiya — mamlakat, Toshkent — poytaxt, Buxoro — shahar. The English names are English spellings: Tashkent is Toshkent in Uzbek, with o (also Samarkand — Samarqand, Bukhara — Buxoro, Uzbekistan — Oʻzbekiston, America — Amerika).
“From a place” is the ending -lik, the same for every word. It is joined, and the word is lowercase, unlike English “American”: Toshkent → toshkentlik, Moskva → moskvalik, Rossiya → rossiyalik. Then the personal ending: Men moskvalikman. Siz samarqandliksiz. U buxorolik.
The question is qayerlik: Siz qayerliksiz? Sen qayerliksan? U qayerlik?
The nationality and a person from the country are different words: rus — Russian (nationality), rossiyalik — a person from Russia; oʻzbek — Uzbek (nationality), oʻzbekistonlik — a person from Uzbekistan.
Learn one more question as a whole, with its answer: Qayerdansiz? — Men Amerikadanman — “Where are you from? — I'm from America”. We'll take these words apart later.
Common mistakes:
• NOT “Men Moskvalik” → Men moskvalikman.
• NOT “Men Amerika” → Men amerikalikman.
• NOT “Toshkentlik” with a capital → toshkentlik.