Научиться строить формальные условные предложения через инверсию без 'if': 'Were I you...', 'Had I known...', 'Should you need...'.
Инверсия в условных
Условные без 'if'
В формальном английском 'if' можно опустить, поставив вспомогательный глагол перед подлежащим. Такая инверсия звучит официально и характерна для писем, договоров и инструкций.
Модель 'Were' — нереальное настоящее вместо 'If I were':
• Were I you, I would apologise.
• Were she to accept, the board would celebrate.
Модель 'Had' — нереальное прошлое вместо 'If I had':
• Had I known, I would have called.
• Had we checked the contract, we would have noticed the clause.
Модель 'Should' — реальное условие в будущем вместо 'If you should':
• Should you need help, just ask.
• Should there be a delay, we will notify you.
Так неправильно:
• If had I known, I would have called. — 'if' и инверсия вместе не употребляются.
• Weren't it for your help, I'd be lost. — в отрицании сокращение не используется, только Were it not for.
Условие без 'if'
В отрицании сокращения нет: Were it not for…, а не Weren't it for…
| Тип условия | С if | Без if |
|---|---|---|
| нереальное настоящее | If I were you | Were I you, I would apologise. |
| нереальное прошлое | If we had asked | Had we asked, we would have got a discount. |
| маловероятное будущее | If the lift should break down | Should the lift break down, press the red button. |
| «если бы не» (сейчас) | If it were not for the risk | Were it not for the risk, we would invest. |
| «если бы не» (тогда) | If it had not been for your help | Had it not been for your help, the deal would have collapsed. |
Конспект урока
Условные без 'if'
В формальном английском 'if' можно опустить, поставив вспомогательный глагол перед подлежащим. Такая инверсия звучит официально и характерна для писем, договоров и инструкций.
Модель 'Were' — нереальное настоящее вместо 'If I were':
• Were I you, I would apologise.
• Were she to accept, the board would celebrate.
Модель 'Had' — нереальное прошлое вместо 'If I had':
• Had I known, I would have called.
• Had we checked the contract, we would have noticed the clause.
Модель 'Should' — реальное условие в будущем вместо 'If you should':
• Should you need help, just ask.
• Should there be a delay, we will notify you.
Так неправильно:
• If had I known, I would have called. — 'if' и инверсия вместе не употребляются.
• Weren't it for your help, I'd be lost. — в отрицании сокращение не используется, только Were it not for.