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Lesson 4. Verbs and adjectives in 해요체: -아요 / -어요

I can put verbs and adjectives in the polite form — 가요, 와요, 배워요, 마셔요, 써요, 커요, 조용해요 — and say where I'm going: 집에 가요.

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-아요 / -어요: the polite form of any verb

-아요 / -어요: the polite form of any verb

What for: say any action or quality politely. The -요 form is built from the stem (the dictionary form without -다), by the last vowel of the stem. If the stem ends in a 받침: • the vowel ㅏ or ㅗ → -아요: 살다 → 살아요; • any other vowel → -어요: 먹다 → 먹어요. If there's no 받침, the vowels merge, in writing too: • ㅏ + 아 → ㅏ: 가다 → 가요; • ㅗ + 아 → ㅘ: 오다 → 와요; • ㅜ + 어 → ㅝ: 배우다 → 배워요; • ㅣ + 어 → ㅕ: 마시다 → 마셔요; • ㅡ drops and -어요 is added (a one-syllable stem): 쓰다 → 써요. 하다 → 해요: you already know this one. See the table. A Korean adjective works like a verb: 좋아요 means “is good”, with no 이에요. English says “it is big”, but 커요 already contains the “is”. A degree word goes right before it: 아주 “very”, 너무 “too”. “Where to” is a place + 에 with 가다, 오다, 다니다: 러시아에 가요. English “go home” has no “to”, but Korean still says 집에 가요. Common mistakes: • ×가아요 → 가요. • ×쓰어요 → 써요. • ×먹아요 → 먹어요 (ㅓ is neither ㅏ nor ㅗ). • ×커이에요 → 커요 (an adjective needs no 이에요).
The -요 form: -아요 or -어요

Look at the last vowel of the stem and whether there's a 받침.

StemWhat happensExamples
ㅏ or ㅗ + 받침+ 아요살다 → 살아요
another vowel + 받침+ 어요먹다 → 먹어요
ㅏ, no 받침ㅏ + 아 → ㅏ가다 → 가요
ㅗ, no 받침ㅗ + 아 → ㅘ오다 → 와요
ㅜ, no 받침ㅜ + 어 → ㅝ배우다 → 배워요
ㅣ, no 받침ㅣ + 어 → ㅕ마시다 → 마셔요
ㅡㅡ drops, + 어요쓰다 → 써요
하다하다 → 해요조용하다 → 조용해요
Lesson notes
-아요 / -어요: the polite form of any verb
What for: say any action or quality politely. The -요 form is built from the stem (the dictionary form without -다), by the last vowel of the stem. If the stem ends in a 받침: • the vowel ㅏ or ㅗ → -아요: 살다 → 살아요; • any other vowel → -어요: 먹다 → 먹어요. If there's no 받침, the vowels merge, in writing too: • ㅏ + 아 → ㅏ: 가다 → 가요; • ㅗ + 아 → ㅘ: 오다 → 와요; • ㅜ + 어 → ㅝ: 배우다 → 배워요; • ㅣ + 어 → ㅕ: 마시다 → 마셔요; • ㅡ drops and -어요 is added (a one-syllable stem): 쓰다 → 써요. 하다 → 해요: you already know this one. See the table. A Korean adjective works like a verb: 좋아요 means “is good”, with no 이에요. English says “it is big”, but 커요 already contains the “is”. A degree word goes right before it: 아주 “very”, 너무 “too”. “Where to” is a place + 에 with 가다, 오다, 다니다: 러시아에 가요. English “go home” has no “to”, but Korean still says 집에 가요. Common mistakes: • ×가아요 → 가요. • ×쓰어요 → 써요. • ×먹아요 → 먹어요 (ㅓ is neither ㅏ nor ㅗ). • ×커이에요 → 커요 (an adjective needs no 이에요).
Lesson 4. Verbs and adjectives in 해요체: -아요 / -어요 — Korean from zero to A1