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Lesson 4. S kým? Pod stolom: s / so and pred, nad, pod, za, medzi

I can say who I'm going with and show exactly where things are: pred hotelom, pod stolom, medzi poštou a parkom, so mnou.

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S kým? Pod stolom: s / so and prepositions of place

S kým? Pod stolom: s / so and prepositions of place

Why: to say who you're going with and show exactly where things are. S kým? means “with whom?” After s comes the instrumental from lesson 3: s Tomášom, s kamarátkou. Before s-, z-, š-, ž- it is so: so Zuzanou, so študentkou, so Slovenkou. Where exactly? pred (in front of), nad (above), pod (under), za (behind), medzi (between) + the instrumental: pred školou, pod taškou, za domom, medzi školou a parkom. Unlike English, the noun changes after them. Feminine nouns ending in a consonant also take -ou: posteľ → pred posteľou. stôl → pod stolom (ô → o, as in na stole). Pronouns: so mnou (with me), s tebou (with you, informal), s nami (with us), s vami (with you, formal; you all). jeden: nad jedným oknom, pod jednou lampou. Here these prepositions answer kde?: Taška je pod stolom. “Where to put it” takes another form, which comes later. In prechádzam sa the long -chá- is not stressed: the stress is on pre-. Common mistakes: • דs mnou” → so mnou. • דs Zuzanou” → so Zuzanou. • דMačka je pod stôl” → pod stolom. • דmedzi škola a park” → medzi školou a parkom.
With whom, and where exactly

All these prepositions take the instrumental.

PrepositionIn EnglishExample
s / sowiths kolegom, so Slovenkou
predin front ofpred školou
nadabove, overnad oknom
podunderpod taškou
zabehindza domom
medzibetweenmedzi školou a parkom
With me, with you

“With him, with her” comes later.

WhoWith whom?
jaso mnou
tys tebou
mys nami
vys vami
Lesson notes
S kým? Pod stolom: s / so and prepositions of place
Why: to say who you're going with and show exactly where things are. S kým? means “with whom?” After s comes the instrumental from lesson 3: s Tomášom, s kamarátkou. Before s-, z-, š-, ž- it is so: so Zuzanou, so študentkou, so Slovenkou. Where exactly? pred (in front of), nad (above), pod (under), za (behind), medzi (between) + the instrumental: pred školou, pod taškou, za domom, medzi školou a parkom. Unlike English, the noun changes after them. Feminine nouns ending in a consonant also take -ou: posteľ → pred posteľou. stôl → pod stolom (ô → o, as in na stole). Pronouns: so mnou (with me), s tebou (with you, informal), s nami (with us), s vami (with you, formal; you all). jeden: nad jedným oknom, pod jednou lampou. Here these prepositions answer kde?: Taška je pod stolom. “Where to put it” takes another form, which comes later. In prechádzam sa the long -chá- is not stressed: the stress is on pre-. Common mistakes: • דs mnou” → so mnou. • דs Zuzanou” → so Zuzanou. • דMačka je pod stôl” → pod stolom. • דmedzi škola a park” → medzi školou a parkom.
Lesson 4. S kým? Pod stolom: s / so and pred, nad, pod, za, medzi — Slovak from zero to A1