I can use the whole module: give a command and a negative command with a pronoun, put the preposition after the verb, spell the verb correctly, tell the gender from the ending, and say “no more”, “nothing”, and “no one”.
What we review
What we review
The module is complete. Here it is in one picture.
• Commands with a pronoun: after the verb with a hyphen — Prends-le, Coupe-les, Écris-lui, Vas-y, Prends-en; me and te become moi and toi.
• Negative commands: the pronoun goes back before the verb, no hyphen — Ne le touche pas, Ne te lève pas, N'y va pas, N'en prends pas.
• The preposition is part of the verb: de with essayer, éviter, arrêter, décider, oublier, avoir besoin; à with réussir, penser, commencer, continuer, apprendre, aider. An infinitive follows, and a thing is replaced by y or en.
• Verb spelling: ç and e before o, y changes to i, the consonant doubles, acheter takes è instead of doubling, é becomes è in préférer and espérer.
• Gender from the ending: -tion, -sion, -té are feminine; -age, -ment, -eau are masculine; exceptions: le lycée, la page, l'eau.
• The second set of negatives: ne … plus, ne … rien, ne … personne, pas encore; in the past plus and rien go before the past participle, personne after it. When personne is the subject, ne comes before the verb, in the past too: Personne ne nettoie ici, Personne n'a appelé.
Now you can give instructions and negative commands, say what you're trying to do and what you've stopped doing, read a recipe, and say that something is gone.
Command and negative command
In a negative command, the pronoun goes back to its usual place.
| Command | Negative command | What changed |
|---|---|---|
| Prends-le ! | Ne le prends pas ! | the pronoun moved to the front, no hyphen |
| Lève-toi ! | Ne te lève pas ! | toi becomes te again |
| Vas-y ! | N'y va pas ! | the -s dropped, ne became n' |
| Prends-en ! | N'en prends pas ! | ne became n' |
| Écoute-moi ! | Ne m'écoute pas ! | moi became m' before a vowel |
Six groups where the verb stem changes
The clue is the ending of the infinitive; in the futur simple, -yer, -eler/-eter, and acheter change, while -cer, -ger, and é_er keep their stem.
| Clue | je, tu, il | nous, vous | Futur simple |
|---|---|---|---|
| -cer | je commence | nous commençons | je commencerai |
| -ger | je mange | nous mangeons | je mangerai |
| -yer | j'envoie | nous envoyons | j'enverrai |
| -eler, -eter | j'appelle | nous appelons | j'appellerai |
| acheter | j'achète | nous achetons | j'achèterai |
| é_er | je préfère | nous préférons | je préférerai |
Lesson notes
What we review
The module is complete. Here it is in one picture.
• Commands with a pronoun: after the verb with a hyphen — Prends-le, Coupe-les, Écris-lui, Vas-y, Prends-en; me and te become moi and toi.
• Negative commands: the pronoun goes back before the verb, no hyphen — Ne le touche pas, Ne te lève pas, N'y va pas, N'en prends pas.
• The preposition is part of the verb: de with essayer, éviter, arrêter, décider, oublier, avoir besoin; à with réussir, penser, commencer, continuer, apprendre, aider. An infinitive follows, and a thing is replaced by y or en.
• Verb spelling: ç and e before o, y changes to i, the consonant doubles, acheter takes è instead of doubling, é becomes è in préférer and espérer.
• Gender from the ending: -tion, -sion, -té are feminine; -age, -ment, -eau are masculine; exceptions: le lycée, la page, l'eau.
• The second set of negatives: ne … plus, ne … rien, ne … personne, pas encore; in the past plus and rien go before the past participle, personne after it. When personne is the subject, ne comes before the verb, in the past too: Personne ne nettoie ici, Personne n'a appelé.
Now you can give instructions and negative commands, say what you're trying to do and what you've stopped doing, read a recipe, and say that something is gone.