I can review the module: say no in two ways, talk about last weekend, say what I like and what I find nice (좋아해요 ↔ 좋아요), and tell where ㅂ, ㄷ, and ㄹ change.
What we review
What we review
A summary of the module: no new rules except one comparison.
• “Not” in two ways: 안 봐요 = 보지 않아요; with a word + 하다 — 공부 안 해요; in the past — 안 갔어요 = 가지 않았어요. To a question with “not”, the answer “yes, that's right” is 네, even where English says “No”.
• ㅂ and ㄷ change only before a vowel (추워요 — 춥지만, 들어요 — 듣고); ㄹ doesn't change before a vowel, but -(으)ㄹ까요 takes no 으 (놀까요), and before ㅂ the ㄹ drops (놉시다). See the table.
• The past comes from the 해요체 form: 봐요 → 봤어요; “to be” — 이었어요 / 였어요.
• “Want to” — -고 싶어요; “shall we / let's” — -(으)ㄹ까요? and -(으)ㅂ시다; “only” — 만.
• The new comparison: the person who likes — 좋아하다 with 을 / 를 (음악을 좋아해요); the thing that is liked — 좋다 with 이 / 가 (음악이 좋아요). The same with 싫어하다 ↔ 싫다. English “I like music” makes music an object, which leads to the mistake “음악을 좋아요”: the word chooses the particle.
Now you can say no, talk about the weather and last weekend, say what you like and what you want, invite someone, and talk about Korean food.
Who likes, and what's liked
The word chooses the particle: 좋아하다 and 싫어하다 take 을 / 를, 좋다 and 싫다 take 이 / 가.
| Word | Particle | Example | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 좋아하다 | 을 / 를 | 음악을 좋아해요. | (I) like music. |
| 좋다 | 이 / 가 | 음악이 좋아요. | (To me,) music is nice. |
| 싫어하다 | 을 / 를 | 비를 싫어해요. | (I) don't like rain. |
| 싫다 | 이 / 가 | 비가 싫어요. | (To me,) rain is unpleasant. |
Which stems change and where they don't
ㅂ and ㄷ change before a vowel; ㄹ-stems only in “let's”.
| Group | Before a vowel | Before a consonant |
|---|---|---|
| ㅂ (춥다) | 추워요, 추웠어요 | 춥지만, 춥고 |
| ㄷ (듣다) | 들어요, 들었어요 | 듣고 싶어요, 듣지 않아요 |
| ㄹ (놀다) | 놀아요, 놀았어요 (no change) | 놀까요 (no 으), 놉시다 (ㄹ drops before ㅂ) |
Lesson notes
What we review
A summary of the module: no new rules except one comparison.
• “Not” in two ways: 안 봐요 = 보지 않아요; with a word + 하다 — 공부 안 해요; in the past — 안 갔어요 = 가지 않았어요. To a question with “not”, the answer “yes, that's right” is 네, even where English says “No”.
• ㅂ and ㄷ change only before a vowel (추워요 — 춥지만, 들어요 — 듣고); ㄹ doesn't change before a vowel, but -(으)ㄹ까요 takes no 으 (놀까요), and before ㅂ the ㄹ drops (놉시다). See the table.
• The past comes from the 해요체 form: 봐요 → 봤어요; “to be” — 이었어요 / 였어요.
• “Want to” — -고 싶어요; “shall we / let's” — -(으)ㄹ까요? and -(으)ㅂ시다; “only” — 만.
• The new comparison: the person who likes — 좋아하다 with 을 / 를 (음악을 좋아해요); the thing that is liked — 좋다 with 이 / 가 (음악이 좋아요). The same with 싫어하다 ↔ 싫다. English “I like music” makes music an object, which leads to the mistake “음악을 좋아요”: the word chooses the particle.
Now you can say no, talk about the weather and last weekend, say what you like and what you want, invite someone, and talk about Korean food.