I can review the module: describe things with adjectives, ask for directions, say what I have to do and what I know how to do, and talk about yesterday with avere and with essere.
What we review
What we review
An adjective agrees with the noun and usually comes after it; before a masculine noun starting with a consonant, bello and buono get shorter: bel, buon.
dovere + infinitive — have to; sapere is either sapere + infinitive (“know how to”) or sapere before where, when, or what time (“know”).
The past is built with avere (the past participle doesn't change) or with essere (the past participle agrees with the subject).
Fifteen past participles are learned as a list.
The time expression picks the tense, and prima, poi, alla fine put events in order.
Timeline
Finished actions (even this morning) take the past; what is happening now or still ahead takes the present.
| l'altro ieri | ieri | oggi | domani | dopodomani |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| L'altro ieri ho lavorato. | Ieri sono uscito. | Oggi resto a casa. | Domani vado a Roma. | Dopodomani partiamo presto. |
Fifteen irregular past participles
Listed by ending: -tto, -sto, -so, -erto; messo and bevuto stand apart.
| Group | Infinitive | Past participle |
|---|---|---|
| -tto | fare | fatto |
| -tto | dire | detto |
| -tto | leggere | letto |
| -tto | scrivere | scritto |
| -sto | vedere | visto |
| -sto | rispondere | risposto |
| -sto | chiedere | chiesto |
| -so | prendere | preso |
| -so | perdere | perso |
| -so | decidere | deciso |
| -so | chiudere | chiuso |
| -erto | aprire | aperto |
| -erto | offrire | offerto |
| special (double s) | mettere | messo |
| special | bere | bevuto |
Lesson notes
What we review
An adjective agrees with the noun and usually comes after it; before a masculine noun starting with a consonant, bello and buono get shorter: bel, buon.
dovere + infinitive — have to; sapere is either sapere + infinitive (“know how to”) or sapere before where, when, or what time (“know”).
The past is built with avere (the past participle doesn't change) or with essere (the past participle agrees with the subject).
Fifteen past participles are learned as a list.
The time expression picks the tense, and prima, poi, alla fine put events in order.