I can say where things are, choose between “this one” and “in general”, read a menu, ask the price, try something on, and compare two purchases.
What we review
What we review
Module 5 is done. What we review:
• place words: bankanın yanında, masanın üstünde — the owner in the genitive, then the place word;
• the accusative: a definite thing takes the ending (bu çayı), a thing in general doesn't (çay);
• two-word names: Türk kahvesi; but “whose?” is Zeynep'in kahvesi;
• “with” and “without”: şekerli, şekersiz;
• prices and amounts: after numbers and çok, az, birkaç the noun stays singular;
• “May I …?”: Bakabilir miyim?
• comparison: daha ucuz, en ucuz.
The six cases and the pronoun forms are in the two tables.
The verb chooses the case: otobüse binmek, öğretmene sormak, denize bakmak take -a, although English “get on”, “ask”, and “look at” have no “to”; aramak takes the accusative: annemi arıyorum.
Don't confuse su — “water” and şu — “that one there”.
Six cases on one word
The vowel of the ending follows vowel harmony; after a voiceless consonant d → t.
| Question | Ending | Example |
|---|---|---|
| who? what? (kim? ne?) | no ending | ev |
| whose? (kimin?) | -ın / -nın | evin |
| where to? to whom? (nereye?) | -a / -ya | eve |
| whom? what exactly? (kimi? neyi?) | -ı / -yı | evi |
| where? (nerede?) | -da / -ta | evde |
| where from? (nereden?) | -dan / -tan | evden |
Pronoun forms by case
bu → bunu, bundan; şu → şunu, şundan.
| Who | Whose | To whom, where to | Whom | From whom |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ben | benim | bana | beni | benden |
| sen | senin | sana | seni | senden |
| o | onun | ona | onu | ondan |
| biz | bizim | bize | bizi | bizden |
| siz | sizin | size | sizi | sizden |
| onlar | onların | onlara | onları | onlardan |
Lesson notes
What we review
Module 5 is done. What we review:
• place words: bankanın yanında, masanın üstünde — the owner in the genitive, then the place word;
• the accusative: a definite thing takes the ending (bu çayı), a thing in general doesn't (çay);
• two-word names: Türk kahvesi; but “whose?” is Zeynep'in kahvesi;
• “with” and “without”: şekerli, şekersiz;
• prices and amounts: after numbers and çok, az, birkaç the noun stays singular;
• “May I …?”: Bakabilir miyim?
• comparison: daha ucuz, en ucuz.
The six cases and the pronoun forms are in the two tables.
The verb chooses the case: otobüse binmek, öğretmene sormak, denize bakmak take -a, although English “get on”, “ask”, and “look at” have no “to”; aramak takes the accusative: annemi arıyorum.
Don't confuse su — “water” and şu — “that one there”.