I can say who I meet and talk to and how I travel: put a word in the instrumental, and use бірге and жаяу.
With whom and by what: the instrumental
With whom and by what: the instrumental
Why: to say whom you meet and talk with, and what you travel or write with. The questions are кіммен? “with whom?” and немен? “with what, by what?”. English “by bus”, “with a friend”, “with a pen” are one ending: -мен. This form is the instrumental.
• -мен — after vowels and р, л, й, у, м, н, ң;
• -бен — after з, ж;
• -пен — after voiceless consonants and б, в, г, д.
The vowel of this ending is always е — it doesn't follow the word: базармен, кітаппен. The ending is never stressed.
Pronouns: менімен, сенімен, сізбен, онымен, бізбен, олармен.
бірге “together” is a postposition after the -мен form: анаммен бірге. жаяу “on foot” takes no ending. Өзім — “I myself”.
With сөйлесу “to talk”, кездесу “to meet”, and хабарласу “to get in touch”, the person takes -мен: көршіммен сөйлесемін. But қоңырау шалу “to call” and көмектесу “to help” take the dative — English “call someone” has no preposition: әжеме қоңырау шаламын, ініме көмектесемін.
Common mistakes:
• ×автобуста барамын (that means “inside the bus”) → автобуспен барамын.
• ×қызбан → қызбен: the vowel doesn't change.
• ×бірге анаммен → анаммен бірге.
With whom, with what, by what: endings
The vowel of the ending is always е, after both hard and soft words.
| The word ends in… | Ending | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| a vowel; р, л, й, у; м, н, ң | -мен | мәшинемен, анаммен |
| з, ж | -бен | аспазбен, қызбен |
| voiceless; б, в, г, д | -пен | көлікпен, қонақпен |
With me, with you: pronouns
Learn these six forms as a whole.
| Who | With whom | In English |
|---|---|---|
| мен | менімен | with me |
| сен | сенімен | with you (informal) |
| сіз | сізбен | with you (one person, formally) |
| ол | онымен | with him, with her |
| біз | бізбен | with us |
| олар | олармен | with them |
Lesson notes
With whom and by what: the instrumental
Why: to say whom you meet and talk with, and what you travel or write with. The questions are кіммен? “with whom?” and немен? “with what, by what?”. English “by bus”, “with a friend”, “with a pen” are one ending: -мен. This form is the instrumental.
• -мен — after vowels and р, л, й, у, м, н, ң;
• -бен — after з, ж;
• -пен — after voiceless consonants and б, в, г, д.
The vowel of this ending is always е — it doesn't follow the word: базармен, кітаппен. The ending is never stressed.
Pronouns: менімен, сенімен, сізбен, онымен, бізбен, олармен.
бірге “together” is a postposition after the -мен form: анаммен бірге. жаяу “on foot” takes no ending. Өзім — “I myself”.
With сөйлесу “to talk”, кездесу “to meet”, and хабарласу “to get in touch”, the person takes -мен: көршіммен сөйлесемін. But қоңырау шалу “to call” and көмектесу “to help” take the dative — English “call someone” has no preposition: әжеме қоңырау шаламын, ініме көмектесемін.
Common mistakes:
• ×автобуста барамын (that means “inside the bus”) → автобуспен барамын.
• ×қызбан → қызбен: the vowel doesn't change.
• ×бірге анаммен → анаммен бірге.