I can put the whole module together: say what there is and isn't in a house, describe a thing with an adjective of either type with the right negative and degree, and say who's where and what's where.
What we review
What we review
This lesson brings the module together. There are no new rules, only what you already know.
What there is and what there isn't: place ＋ に, thing ＋ が, あります at the end; in the negative, usually は and ありません. The thing can move to the front with は; the place still takes に.
What it's like: い-adjectives take くないです in the negative (いい → よくないです), な-adjectives take じゃないです; きれい, ゆうめい, and きらい are な-adjectives. とても, ちょっと, and まあまあ go with an affirmative, あまり only with a negative.
Who's where and what's where: います for the living, あります for the nonliving. The position word comes after the thing: thing ＋ の ＋ position word ＋ に.
What there is and what there isn't
The place takes に, the thing takes が; in the negative, usually は. The predicate always comes last.
| What you say | Model | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| there is | へやにテレビがあります。 | there's a TV in the room |
| there isn't | トイレはありません。 | there's no restroom |
| question | つくえがありますか。 | is there a desk? |
The two types side by side
Ends in い: an い-adjective; exceptions: きれい, ゆうめい, きらい.
| Form | い-adjective: たかい | な-adjective: べんり(な) |
|---|---|---|
| affirmative | たかいです | べんりです |
| negative | たかくないです | べんりじゃないです |
| question | たかいですか | べんりですか |
Living and nonliving
One thing decides the choice: is it alive or not?
| Who or what | There is | There isn't | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| people and animals | います | いません | こどもはへやにいます。 |
| things | あります | ありません | かぎはかばんにあります。 |
Lesson notes
What we review
This lesson brings the module together. There are no new rules, only what you already know.
What there is and what there isn't: place ＋ に, thing ＋ が, あります at the end; in the negative, usually は and ありません. The thing can move to the front with は; the place still takes に.
What it's like: い-adjectives take くないです in the negative (いい → よくないです), な-adjectives take じゃないです; きれい, ゆうめい, and きらい are な-adjectives. とても, ちょっと, and まあまあ go with an affirmative, あまり only with a negative.
Who's where and what's where: います for the living, あります for the nonliving. The position word comes after the thing: thing ＋ の ＋ position word ＋ に.