I can make polite requests and ask polite questions, say where I'm going and why, how I travel and how to get there, and talk politely about elders.
What we review
Review: -(으)세요, -(으)러, (으)로, and -고 ↔ -어서
• -(으)세요: a request or a question to the person you're talking to; the intonation tells them apart. About an elder it's the honorific form: 할아버지께서 오세요.
• One rule for three forms, -(으)세요, -(으)러, (으)로: 으 after a 받침, no 으 after a vowel or ㄹ. With (으)로 after ㄹ it's 로; with -(으)세요 ㄹ drops: 만드세요.
• -고 lists one action after another; -어서 means the second happens there or with the result of the first. English uses “and” for both. 타다 + 가다/오다 takes -고: 지하철을 타고 가요; when you get off and do something right there, -어서: 내려서 갈아타요.
• Special stems: 르 → 빨라요, ㄷ → 걸어서, ㄹ → 만드세요, 만들러.
• Spacing: a number in words and its counter are separate words (사과 세 개); 산책하다 and 오른쪽 are one word each, as in the dictionary.
• What you can do now: ask and request politely, say where you're going and why, how and from where you travel, give directions, and talk about elders.
One rule for three forms
After a 받침 — 으, after a vowel or ㄹ — no 으.
| End of the stem or word | -(으)세요 | -(으)러 | (으)로 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 받침 | 읽으세요 | 찾으러 | 볼펜으로 |
| vowel | 켜세요 | 보러 | 버스로 |
| ㄹ | 만드세요 | 만들러 | 서울로 |
-고 or -어서
-고 — just one thing after another; -어서 — the second happens in the same place or uses what came of the first.
| -고 — just one after another | -어서 — the second in the same place or from the first |
|---|---|
| 숙제하고 자요 | 가게에 가서 사요 |
| 책을 읽고 나가요 | 집에 와서 요리해요 |
Lesson notes
Review: -(으)세요, -(으)러, (으)로, and -고 ↔ -어서
• -(으)세요: a request or a question to the person you're talking to; the intonation tells them apart. About an elder it's the honorific form: 할아버지께서 오세요.
• One rule for three forms, -(으)세요, -(으)러, (으)로: 으 after a 받침, no 으 after a vowel or ㄹ. With (으)로 after ㄹ it's 로; with -(으)세요 ㄹ drops: 만드세요.
• -고 lists one action after another; -어서 means the second happens there or with the result of the first. English uses “and” for both. 타다 + 가다/오다 takes -고: 지하철을 타고 가요; when you get off and do something right there, -어서: 내려서 갈아타요.
• Special stems: 르 → 빨라요, ㄷ → 걸어서, ㄹ → 만드세요, 만들러.
• Spacing: a number in words and its counter are separate words (사과 세 개); 산책하다 and 오른쪽 are one word each, as in the dictionary.
• What you can do now: ask and request politely, say where you're going and why, how and from where you travel, give directions, and talk about elders.