I can say how I travel and from where to where, where to transfer and get off, and say that the subway is fast and that routes differ.
Transportation: (으)로 and 에서…까지, 르-irregular verbs
Transportation: (으)로 and 에서…까지, 르-irregular verbs
When: to say how you travel, and from where to where. (으)로 marks the means and the direction: 버스로 가요 (by bus), 볼펜으로 써요 (with a pen), 학교로 가요 (toward school). English uses three words (by, with, toward); Korean uses one particle. To ask how to get somewhere, say “어떻게 가요?”
After a 받침, 으로; after a vowel, 로. After a ㄹ 받침, also 로: 지하철로, 연필로, 서울로.
에서 … 까지 means “from … to”: 역에서 공원까지. You know 까지 from times; now 에서 also means “from” a place. English “from” is one word: places take 에서, times take 부터. 에서부터 means the same as 에서: 역에서부터.
Getting on: 버스를 타요 or 버스에 타요 (both are correct); getting off: 버스에서 내려요; transferring: 갈아타요. 타다 and 내리다 aren't only about transportation: 빵이 타요 — the bread is burning, 눈이 내려요 — it's snowing.
르-irregular verbs: before -아요 / -어요, 르 turns into ㄹ + 라 / 러: 빠르다 → 빨라요, 모르다 → 몰라요 (the 잘 몰라요 you know), 부르다 → 불러요. The past comes from the same form: 몰랐어요. Before a consonant the stem stays whole: 빠르지만, 모르세요.
Common mistakes:
• ×지하철으로, ×버스으로 — after ㄹ and after a vowel: 지하철로, 버스로
• ×공항로 — after an ㅇ 받침 you need 으: 공항으로
• ×빠르어요, ×빨르어요 — 빨라요
• ×버스에서 타요 (get on the bus) — 버스를 타요; 역에서 기차를 타요 — the place where you get on
The particle (으)로
After ㄹ it's also 로, even though ㄹ is a 받침.
| End of the word | Particle | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 받침 (except ㄹ) | 으로 | 볼펜으로 |
| vowel | 로 | 버스로 |
| ㄹ | 로 | 연필로 |
르-irregular verbs
Before -아요 / -어요, 르 becomes ㄹ + 라 / 러; before a consonant the stem stays whole.
| Dictionary form | -아요 / -어요 | Before a consonant |
|---|---|---|
| 빠르다 | 빨라요 | 빠르지만 |
| 다르다 | 달라요 | 다르고 |
| 모르다 | 몰라요 | 모르세요 |
| 부르다 | 불러요 | 부르세요 |
Lesson notes
Transportation: (으)로 and 에서…까지, 르-irregular verbs
When: to say how you travel, and from where to where. (으)로 marks the means and the direction: 버스로 가요 (by bus), 볼펜으로 써요 (with a pen), 학교로 가요 (toward school). English uses three words (by, with, toward); Korean uses one particle. To ask how to get somewhere, say “어떻게 가요?”
After a 받침, 으로; after a vowel, 로. After a ㄹ 받침, also 로: 지하철로, 연필로, 서울로.
에서 … 까지 means “from … to”: 역에서 공원까지. You know 까지 from times; now 에서 also means “from” a place. English “from” is one word: places take 에서, times take 부터. 에서부터 means the same as 에서: 역에서부터.
Getting on: 버스를 타요 or 버스에 타요 (both are correct); getting off: 버스에서 내려요; transferring: 갈아타요. 타다 and 내리다 aren't only about transportation: 빵이 타요 — the bread is burning, 눈이 내려요 — it's snowing.
르-irregular verbs: before -아요 / -어요, 르 turns into ㄹ + 라 / 러: 빠르다 → 빨라요, 모르다 → 몰라요 (the 잘 몰라요 you know), 부르다 → 불러요. The past comes from the same form: 몰랐어요. Before a consonant the stem stays whole: 빠르지만, 모르세요.
Common mistakes:
• ×지하철으로, ×버스으로 — after ㄹ and after a vowel: 지하철로, 버스로
• ×공항로 — after an ㅇ 받침 you need 으: 공항으로
• ×빠르어요, ×빨르어요 — 빨라요
• ×버스에서 타요 (get on the bus) — 버스를 타요; 역에서 기차를 타요 — the place where you get on