Pepelen
Business and Systems Analysis from Scratch

Lesson

The BPMN alphabet: events, tasks, gateways, flows

The learner can recognize and correctly name the basic BPMN elements: events (circles), tasks (rounded rectangles), gateways (diamonds), sequence flows (arrows), and swimlanes (who performs).

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The core shapes of BPMN 2.0

The core shapes of BPMN 2.0

BPMN (Business Process Model and Notation) is a standardized visual language for drawing business processes. Every BPMN diagram is built from a small set of shapes, each with a fixed meaning — so anyone trained in BPMN can read a diagram drawn by someone else anywhere in the world. The five most fundamental elements are: Events, Tasks, Gateways, Sequence Flows, and Swimlanes. An Event marks something that happens — it is drawn as a circle. A Start Event (a thin-bordered circle) launches the process; an End Event (a thick-bordered circle) marks where the process finishes. A Task or Activity represents a unit of work someone or some system performs — it is drawn as a rounded rectangle with a label inside. A Gateway controls how the flow splits or merges — it is drawn as a diamond. The most common type is the Exclusive Gateway (XOR), which means exactly one of the outgoing paths is taken depending on a condition. A Sequence Flow is the solid arrow that connects elements and shows the order of execution. Finally, Swimlanes organize who performs the work. A Pool represents an entire participant (for example, a company or a system). Inside a Pool, Lanes divide the work between roles or departments — every element placed in a lane belongs to that role.
Lesson notes
The core shapes of BPMN 2.0
BPMN (Business Process Model and Notation) is a standardized visual language for drawing business processes. Every BPMN diagram is built from a small set of shapes, each with a fixed meaning — so anyone trained in BPMN can read a diagram drawn by someone else anywhere in the world. The five most fundamental elements are: Events, Tasks, Gateways, Sequence Flows, and Swimlanes. An Event marks something that happens — it is drawn as a circle. A Start Event (a thin-bordered circle) launches the process; an End Event (a thick-bordered circle) marks where the process finishes. A Task or Activity represents a unit of work someone or some system performs — it is drawn as a rounded rectangle with a label inside. A Gateway controls how the flow splits or merges — it is drawn as a diamond. The most common type is the Exclusive Gateway (XOR), which means exactly one of the outgoing paths is taken depending on a condition. A Sequence Flow is the solid arrow that connects elements and shows the order of execution. Finally, Swimlanes organize who performs the work. A Pool represents an entire participant (for example, a company or a system). Inside a Pool, Lanes divide the work between roles or departments — every element placed in a lane belongs to that role.
The BPMN alphabet: events, tasks, gateways, flows — Business and Systems Analysis from Scratch