I can name the things around me — one and several, point to “this” and “that”, say “here” and “there”, and ask “what is this?”
This, that, and more than one: bu, shu, u, oʻsha, and -lar
This, that, and more than one: bu, shu, u, oʻsha, and -lar
Why: to name the things around you — one or several — and show where they are: here or there.
The pointing words go before the noun and never change: bu kitob — bu kitoblar.
• bu — this, near me;
• shu — this: the one we're talking about;
• u — that, farther away;
• oʻsha — that very one: far away or already known.
As the subject of a sentence they mean “this” and “that”, with no “is” and no “a”: Bu kitob. — This is a book. “Here it is” is mana, “there it is” (farther away) is ana.
“Here” and “there” are the set words bu yerda and u yerda: Kitob bu yerda, daftar u yerda. Bu yer is “this place”, u yer “that place”.
More than one is the ending -lar: kitoblar, qalamlar. Bular is “these” and ular “those”; they stand alone as the subject and never go before a noun: Bular nima? — Bular kitoblar.
After a number the noun stays singular, unlike English: ikki kitob “two books”, besh qalam. The pointing word goes before the number: bu ikki kitob — these two books.
Ask kim? about people and nima? about things.
Watch out: soat is a clock or a watch, and the same word means “hour”.
Common mistakes:
• ×ikki kitoblar → ikki kitob;
• ×bular kitoblar yaxshi → bu kitoblar yaxshi.
This, that, here is, and there is
The pointing word goes before the noun and never changes: bu kitob — bu kitoblar.
| Word | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| bu | this, near me | bu kitob |
| shu | this, the one we're talking about | shu daftar |
| u | that, farther away | u stol |
| oʻsha | that very one | oʻsha xona |
| mana | here is | mana qalam |
| ana | there is (over there) | ana eshik |
| bu yerda | here | Stol bu yerda |
| u yerda | there | Stul u yerda |
One thing, more than one, and after a number
After a number — no -lar.
| One thing | Many | After a number |
|---|---|---|
| kitob | kitoblar | ikki kitob |
| daftar | daftarlar | besh daftar |
| kalit | kalitlar | sakkiz kalit |
Lesson notes
This, that, and more than one: bu, shu, u, oʻsha, and -lar
Why: to name the things around you — one or several — and show where they are: here or there.
The pointing words go before the noun and never change: bu kitob — bu kitoblar.
• bu — this, near me;
• shu — this: the one we're talking about;
• u — that, farther away;
• oʻsha — that very one: far away or already known.
As the subject of a sentence they mean “this” and “that”, with no “is” and no “a”: Bu kitob. — This is a book. “Here it is” is mana, “there it is” (farther away) is ana.
“Here” and “there” are the set words bu yerda and u yerda: Kitob bu yerda, daftar u yerda. Bu yer is “this place”, u yer “that place”.
More than one is the ending -lar: kitoblar, qalamlar. Bular is “these” and ular “those”; they stand alone as the subject and never go before a noun: Bular nima? — Bular kitoblar.
After a number the noun stays singular, unlike English: ikki kitob “two books”, besh qalam. The pointing word goes before the number: bu ikki kitob — these two books.
Ask kim? about people and nima? about things.
Watch out: soat is a clock or a watch, and the same word means “hour”.
Common mistakes:
• ×ikki kitoblar → ikki kitob;
• ×bular kitoblar yaxshi → bu kitoblar yaxshi.