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Lesson 3. Eshigim, qishlogʻim, oʻgʻlim: the stem changes k → g and q → gʻ, and the dropped vowel
I can correctly say “my door”, “his village”, “your son”, and “my keys” — with no mistake at the end of the word: eshik → eshigim.
The end of the word changes: k → g, q → gʻ, and the dropped vowel
The end of the word changes: k → g, q → gʻ, and the dropped vowel
The endings “my”, “your” and “his, her” after a consonant start with a vowel: -im, -ing, -ingiz, -i. Before them the end of some words changes.
The stem change k → g: eshik → eshigim, eshiging, eshigingiz, eshigi. The same: darslik → darsligi, mushuk → mushugi, koʻzoynak → koʻzoynagi.
The stem change q → gʻ: qishloq → qishlogʻim, qishlogʻi. You've already seen it: turmush oʻrtogʻim.
The dropped vowel: in a few words the last vowel drops out: oʻgʻil → oʻgʻlim, oʻgʻli; singil → singlim, singlisi; shahar → shahrim, shahri. The “his, her” form of singil is special — singlisi, not ×singli.
Nothing changes before -lar: eshiklar, singillar. “My books” takes -lar first, then “my”: kitoblarim.
In short and borrowed words k and q don't change — you'll meet such words later. That's why every word in -k or -q in the word lists shows its “his, her” form in parentheses: eshik (eshigi).
Watch out: the word it means “dog”, not English “it”. Ask nima? about animals: Bu nima? — Bu it. And koʻzoynak “glasses” is one thing: Bu koʻzoynak.
Common mistakes:
• ×eshikim → eshigim;
• ×qishloqi → qishlogʻi;
• ×oʻgʻilim → oʻgʻlim;
• ×singli → singlisi;
• ×kitobimlar → kitoblarim.
The end of the word before an ending that starts with a vowel
The changed stem is highlighted: k → g, q → gʻ, the vowel drops out.
| Word | my | your (informal) | your (formal) | his, her |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| eshik | eshigim | eshiging | eshigingiz | eshigi |
| qishloq | qishlogʻim | qishlogʻing | qishlogʻingiz | qishlogʻi |
| oʻgʻil | oʻgʻlim | oʻgʻling | oʻgʻlingiz | oʻgʻli |
| singil | singlim | singling | singlingiz | singlisi |
| shahar | shahrim | shahring | shahringiz | shahri |
More than one, and whose: two endings in a row
First -lar, then the “whose” ending. Before -lar the end of the word doesn't change.
| Word | Many | Whose |
|---|---|---|
| darslik | darsliklar | darsliklarimmy textbooks |
| it | itlar | itlaringyour dogs (informal) |
| mushuk | mushuklar | mushuklarihis cats |
Lesson notes
The end of the word changes: k → g, q → gʻ, and the dropped vowel
The endings “my”, “your” and “his, her” after a consonant start with a vowel: -im, -ing, -ingiz, -i. Before them the end of some words changes.
The stem change k → g: eshik → eshigim, eshiging, eshigingiz, eshigi. The same: darslik → darsligi, mushuk → mushugi, koʻzoynak → koʻzoynagi.
The stem change q → gʻ: qishloq → qishlogʻim, qishlogʻi. You've already seen it: turmush oʻrtogʻim.
The dropped vowel: in a few words the last vowel drops out: oʻgʻil → oʻgʻlim, oʻgʻli; singil → singlim, singlisi; shahar → shahrim, shahri. The “his, her” form of singil is special — singlisi, not ×singli.
Nothing changes before -lar: eshiklar, singillar. “My books” takes -lar first, then “my”: kitoblarim.
In short and borrowed words k and q don't change — you'll meet such words later. That's why every word in -k or -q in the word lists shows its “his, her” form in parentheses: eshik (eshigi).
Watch out: the word it means “dog”, not English “it”. Ask nima? about animals: Bu nima? — Bu it. And koʻzoynak “glasses” is one thing: Bu koʻzoynak.
Common mistakes:
• ×eshikim → eshigim;
• ×qishloqi → qishlogʻi;
• ×oʻgʻilim → oʻgʻlim;
• ×singli → singlisi;
• ×kitobimlar → kitoblarim.