деятель неизвестен
My bike was stolen last night.
Кто украл — неизвестно.Научиться строить пассивный залог во всех временах и с модальными глаголами.
Пассив: формула be + V3
Пассив во всех временах
Пассивный залог строится по схеме be + Past Participle (V3). Меняется только форма глагола be: Present Simple — «English is spoken here»; Present Continuous — «The road is being repaired»; Past Simple — «The house was built in 1990»; Past Continuous — «The car was being washed»; Present Perfect — «It has been done»; Past Perfect — «The work had been finished»; Future Simple — «It will be built next year»; Future Perfect — «The bridge will have been built by 2030» (к 2030 году мост уже построят); с модальными глаголами — modal + be + V3: «It must be finished», «The report can be sent today». Деятель при необходимости вводится через by: «The book was written by Orwell».
Частые ошибки: NOT «The house was build in 1990» — после be нужна именно третья форма: was built. NOT «The road is repairing now» в значении «дорогу ремонтируют» — здесь нужен пассив: is being repaired.
Пассив: меняется только be
Смысловой глагол всегда в третьей форме; деятель — по необходимости через by.
| Активный | Пассив | Форма be | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Present Simple | They clean the room. | The room is cleaned. | is / are |
| Present Continuous | They are repairing the road. | The road is being repaired. | is being |
| Past Simple | They built the house in 1990. | The house was built in 1990. | was / were |
| Present Perfect | They have sent the letters. | The letters have been sent. | have been |
| Future | They will build it next year. | It will be built next year. · It will have been built by 2030. | will be / will have been |
| модальные | We must finish it today. | It must be finished today. | modal + be |
Зачем вообще пассив
деятель неважен
The cathedral was restored in 1890.
Важно здание, а не бригада.деятель важен → by
The book was written by Orwell.
by называет исполнителя.неправильно
NOT The road is repairing now.
«Дорогу ремонтируют» — is being repaired.Lesson notes
Пассив во всех временах
Пассивный залог строится по схеме be + Past Participle (V3). Меняется только форма глагола be: Present Simple — «English is spoken here»; Present Continuous — «The road is being repaired»; Past Simple — «The house was built in 1990»; Past Continuous — «The car was being washed»; Present Perfect — «It has been done»; Past Perfect — «The work had been finished»; Future Simple — «It will be built next year»; Future Perfect — «The bridge will have been built by 2030» (к 2030 году мост уже построят); с модальными глаголами — modal + be + V3: «It must be finished», «The report can be sent today». Деятель при необходимости вводится через by: «The book was written by Orwell».
Частые ошибки: NOT «The house was build in 1990» — после be нужна именно третья форма: was built. NOT «The road is repairing now» в значении «дорогу ремонтируют» — здесь нужен пассив: is being repaired.