I can say what I did yesterday and last week, say what I didn't do, and ask the person I'm talking to what they did yesterday.
What has already happened: -di
What has already happened: -di
Why: to talk about what has already happened and is over. Time words: kecha (yesterday), oʻtgan hafta (last week), oʻtgan yili (last year), yaqinda (recently).
How: the verb stem + -di + a personal ending. These are not -man, -san, but the second set — the same as for “my”: kitobim — keldim, kitobing — kelding. “We” is -k: keldik. In the third person nothing follows -di: U keldi. All the forms are in the table. One -di form covers English “I came” and “I have come”.
-di is written the same after any stem: ketdi, aytdi, tushdi — write it by the rule, not by ear. The stress is on the personal ending: keldim, kelding.
“Didn't” is -ma- before -di: kelmadim; in the negative the stress moves to the syllable before -ma-. A question takes -mi at the very end, after the personal ending: Keldingizmi? With a question word there is no particle: Kecha nima qildingiz? — “What did you do yesterday?”
Common mistakes:
• NOT “bordiman” → bordim
• NOT “Biz keldimiz” → keldik
• NOT “ketti” → ketdi
• NOT “Qachon keldingizmi?” → Qachon keldingiz?
Past tense: the verb kelmoq (to come)
The endings are the same as for “my”: kitobim — keldim.
| Who | Yes | No | Question |
|---|---|---|---|
| men (I) | keldim | kelmadim | keldimmi? |
| sen (you, informal) | kelding | kelmading | keldingmi? |
| siz (you, formal, to one person) | keldingiz | kelmadingiz | keldingizmi? |
| u (he, she) | keldi | kelmadi | keldimi? |
| biz (we) | keldik | kelmadik | keldikmi? |
| sizlar (you, to several people) | keldingiz(lar) | kelmadingiz(lar) | keldingiz(lar)mi? |
| ular (they) | keldi(lar) | kelmadi(lar) | keldi(lar)mi? |
Lesson notes
What has already happened: -di
Why: to talk about what has already happened and is over. Time words: kecha (yesterday), oʻtgan hafta (last week), oʻtgan yili (last year), yaqinda (recently).
How: the verb stem + -di + a personal ending. These are not -man, -san, but the second set — the same as for “my”: kitobim — keldim, kitobing — kelding. “We” is -k: keldik. In the third person nothing follows -di: U keldi. All the forms are in the table. One -di form covers English “I came” and “I have come”.
-di is written the same after any stem: ketdi, aytdi, tushdi — write it by the rule, not by ear. The stress is on the personal ending: keldim, kelding.
“Didn't” is -ma- before -di: kelmadim; in the negative the stress moves to the syllable before -ma-. A question takes -mi at the very end, after the personal ending: Keldingizmi? With a question word there is no particle: Kecha nima qildingiz? — “What did you do yesterday?”
Common mistakes:
• NOT “bordiman” → bordim
• NOT “Biz keldimiz” → keldik
• NOT “ketti” → ketdi
• NOT “Qachon keldingizmi?” → Qachon keldingiz?