by / by the time / by 2030к моменту
By the end of the year we will have finished.
Использовать Future Continuous (will be doing), Future Perfect (will have done) и конструкции future-in-the-past для планов и прогнозов.
Форма показывает не «когда», а КАК мы смотрим на будущее событие.
| Форма | Что показывает | Пример |
|---|---|---|
| will do | простой факт о будущем | I will call you tomorrow. |
| will be doing | процесс в момент в будущем | This time tomorrow I will be flying to Rome. |
| will have done | результат к моменту в будущем | By 2030 they will have built the bridge. |
| was going to do | прошлый план, который не сбылся | We were going to leave, but it started raining. |
| would do | будущее с точки зрения прошлого | I knew he would be late. |
Сначала находим в предложении маркер времени — форма выбирается сама.
By the end of the year we will have finished.
This time next week I will be lying on a beach.
The meeting is about to start.
The train is due to arrive at nine.