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Lesson 1. Passé composé with avoir (the past tense for completed events): regular past participles

I can say what I did yesterday and last week: put avoir in the right person, form past participles in -é, -i, and -u, and make negative sentences and questions in the past tense.

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Yesterday: the passé composé with avoir

Yesterday: the passé composé with avoir

To talk about what happened and is over — yesterday, last week, two days ago — French uses the passé composé (the past tense for completed events). A time expression shows the event is past: hier, hier soir, la semaine dernière, le week-end dernier, l'année dernière, il y a deux jours. It goes at the beginning or end of the sentence; see the list. The form has two words: avoir in the present tense plus the past participle. J'ai parlé, tu as fini, elle a attendu, nous avons parlé, vous avez fini, ils ont attendu. It covers both “I spoke” and “I have spoken”. The past participle of regular verbs comes from the infinitive: -er verbs give é, -ir verbs (finir, dormir and others in this group) i, -re verbs u. Negative: ne and pas go around avoir, and the past participle follows: Je n'ai pas mangé. Question: intonation — Tu as fini ? — or est-ce que: Est-ce que tu as fini ? No “did”: the two words stay together. Il y a means “there is”; before a length of time it means “ago”: il y a deux jours — two days ago. Common mistakes: • NOT “Hier, je dansé avec Camille” — without avoir there's no past tense: Hier, j'ai dansé avec Camille. • NOT “J'ai parler” — after avoir comes the past participle: J'ai parlé. • NOT “Je n'ai mangé pas” — Je n'ai pas mangé. • NOT “La semaine dernière, je visite Lyon” — La semaine dernière, j'ai visité Lyon.
Past time expressions

The time expression goes at the beginning or at the end of the sentence and shows that the event is already over.

Time expressionTranslation
hieryesterday
hier soiryesterday evening, last night
la semaine dernièrelast week
le week-end dernierlast weekend
l'année dernièrelast year
il y a deux jourstwo days ago
Passé composé: avoir plus the past participle

A two-word form: first avoir in the present tense, then the past participle.

PersonavoirExample
jeaiJ'ai visité Lyon.
tuasTu as fini tôt.
il, elleaElle a attendu le bus.
nousavonsNous avons travaillé ensemble.
vousavezVous avez fini la leçon ?
ils, ellesontIls ont rencontré Madame Dubois.
Past participles of regular verbs

Three groups by the infinitive ending — three past participle endings.

InfinitivePast participleExample
-er: parlerparléElles ont parlé au téléphone.
-ir: finirfiniNous avons fini à midi.
-re: attendreattenduElle a attendu le train.
Lesson notes
Yesterday: the passé composé with avoir
To talk about what happened and is over — yesterday, last week, two days ago — French uses the passé composé (the past tense for completed events). A time expression shows the event is past: hier, hier soir, la semaine dernière, le week-end dernier, l'année dernière, il y a deux jours. It goes at the beginning or end of the sentence; see the list. The form has two words: avoir in the present tense plus the past participle. J'ai parlé, tu as fini, elle a attendu, nous avons parlé, vous avez fini, ils ont attendu. It covers both “I spoke” and “I have spoken”. The past participle of regular verbs comes from the infinitive: -er verbs give é, -ir verbs (finir, dormir and others in this group) i, -re verbs u. Negative: ne and pas go around avoir, and the past participle follows: Je n'ai pas mangé. Question: intonation — Tu as fini ? — or est-ce que: Est-ce que tu as fini ? No “did”: the two words stay together. Il y a means “there is”; before a length of time it means “ago”: il y a deux jours — two days ago. Common mistakes: • NOT “Hier, je dansé avec Camille” — without avoir there's no past tense: Hier, j'ai dansé avec Camille. • NOT “J'ai parler” — after avoir comes the past participle: J'ai parlé. • NOT “Je n'ai mangé pas” — Je n'ai pas mangé. • NOT “La semaine dernière, je visite Lyon” — La semaine dernière, j'ai visité Lyon.
Lesson 1. Passé composé with avoir (the past tense for completed events): regular past participles — French from zero to A1