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Lesson 3. What I can and can't do: -(으)ㄹ 수 있다 and 못

I can say what sports I play and what I can do — drive, swim, play the piano — say what I can't do, and ask someone else about it.

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Can and can't: -(으)ㄹ 수 있어요 and 못

Can and can't: -(으)ㄹ 수 있어요 and 못

What for: to say what you can do and know how to do, and what you can't, because of circumstances or because you never learned. “Can”: the stem + -ㄹ 수 있어요 after a vowel and after ㄹ (갈 수, 할 수, 만들 수), -을 수 있어요 after a consonant (먹을 수, 읽을 수). ㄷ-irregular verbs: 듣다 → 들을 수. “Can't” is the same with 없어요. It's written as three words: 할 수 있어요 — 수 stands alone. The short “can't” is 못 right before the verb: 못 가요, 못 먹어요. With 하다 words it goes before 해요: 수영 못 해요. The long one is the stem + -지 못해요: 가지 못해요. English “don't / can't” is a good guide: 안 is “don't”, 못 is “can't”. 잘하다 is “to be good at”, 못하다 “to be bad at”; each is one word: 수영을 잘해요, 요리를 못해요. 못해요 is read [모태요]. Don't confuse them with 잘못, “wrongly, by mistake”. English “play” covers two Korean verbs, and a third goes with skis and bikes: 치다 — tennis, the piano; 하다 — soccer, basketball, baseball, taekwondo; 타다 — skis, a bicycle (English “ski”, “ride”). See the table. Common mistakes: • NOT 수영할 있어요 → 수영할 수 있어요 (수 is needed). • NOT 만들을 수 있어요 → 만들 수 있어요. • NOT 못 운전해요 → 운전 못 해요. • NOT 저는 수영을 안 할 수 있어요 → 수영할 수 없어요. • NOT 피아노를 해요 → 피아노를 쳐요.
Can and can't

수 is a separate word. In 하다 words, 못 goes before 해요.

Dictionary formI canI can't: 못I can't: -지 못해요
가다갈 수 있어요못 가요가지 못해요
먹다먹을 수 있어요못 먹어요먹지 못해요
만들다만들 수 있어요못 만들어요만들지 못해요
듣다들을 수 있어요못 들어요듣지 못해요
수영하다수영할 수 있어요수영 못 해요수영하지 못해요
One English “play”, three Korean verbs

The game itself chooses the verb.

VerbWhat you playIn English
치다 (쳐요)테니스, 탁구, 피아노tennis, table tennis, piano
하다 (해요)축구, 야구, 농구, 태권도soccer, baseball, basketball, taekwondo
타다 (타요)스키, 자전거skis, a bicycle
Lesson notes
Can and can't: -(으)ㄹ 수 있어요 and 못
What for: to say what you can do and know how to do, and what you can't, because of circumstances or because you never learned. “Can”: the stem + -ㄹ 수 있어요 after a vowel and after ㄹ (갈 수, 할 수, 만들 수), -을 수 있어요 after a consonant (먹을 수, 읽을 수). ㄷ-irregular verbs: 듣다 → 들을 수. “Can't” is the same with 없어요. It's written as three words: 할 수 있어요 — 수 stands alone. The short “can't” is 못 right before the verb: 못 가요, 못 먹어요. With 하다 words it goes before 해요: 수영 못 해요. The long one is the stem + -지 못해요: 가지 못해요. English “don't / can't” is a good guide: 안 is “don't”, 못 is “can't”. 잘하다 is “to be good at”, 못하다 “to be bad at”; each is one word: 수영을 잘해요, 요리를 못해요. 못해요 is read [모태요]. Don't confuse them with 잘못, “wrongly, by mistake”. English “play” covers two Korean verbs, and a third goes with skis and bikes: 치다 — tennis, the piano; 하다 — soccer, basketball, baseball, taekwondo; 타다 — skis, a bicycle (English “ski”, “ride”). See the table. Common mistakes: • NOT 수영할 있어요 → 수영할 수 있어요 (수 is needed). • NOT 만들을 수 있어요 → 만들 수 있어요. • NOT 못 운전해요 → 운전 못 해요. • NOT 저는 수영을 안 할 수 있어요 → 수영할 수 없어요. • NOT 피아노를 해요 → 피아노를 쳐요.
Lesson 3. What I can and can't do: -(으)ㄹ 수 있다 and 못 — Korean from zero to A1