I can talk about family and things: whose, how many, there is or there isn't, what we're like, and what everything around us is like.
What we review
What we review
In this module you learned to talk about your family and your things. We review the six topics with new sentences.
• “My, your, his” — an ending on the word: әкем, әкең, әкеңіз, әкесі.
• Before a vowel ending, п → б, к → г, қ → ғ: кітабым, көлігім, қонағы.
• “I have” — the word with an ending + бар; “I don't have” — жоқ.
• “Whose” — the genitive on the owner and the “his / her” ending on the thing: -ның, -дың, -тың and their soft forms.
• “We” — -мыз, -быз, -пыз; “you” to several people — the one-person form + -дар / -дер; “our” — біздің + -ымыз.
• An adjective comes before the noun and doesn't change; “too” — да, де, та, те.
My, your, his: the ending on the word
The vowel of the ending follows the last syllable of the word, as in -лар / -лер.
| Whose | after a consonant, hard word | after a consonant, soft word | after a vowel |
|---|---|---|---|
| менің (my) | ұлым | әйелім | анам, әкем |
| сенің (your, informal) | ұлың | әйелің | анаң, әкең |
| сіздің (your, formal) | ұлыңыз | әйеліңіз | анаңыз, әкеңіз |
| оның (his, her) | ұлы | әйелі | анасы, әкесі |
The genitive: three rows
The hard or the soft form: the last syllable of the word decides.
| After | hard word | soft word |
|---|---|---|
| after vowels and м, н, ң | баланың, маманның | әженің, бөлімнің |
| after з, ж, р, л, й, у | қыздың, Санжардың | дәрігердің, әйелдің |
| after voiceless consonants and б, в, г, д | достың, бастықтың | жігіттің, әріптестің |
Lesson notes
What we review
In this module you learned to talk about your family and your things. We review the six topics with new sentences.
• “My, your, his” — an ending on the word: әкем, әкең, әкеңіз, әкесі.
• Before a vowel ending, п → б, к → г, қ → ғ: кітабым, көлігім, қонағы.
• “I have” — the word with an ending + бар; “I don't have” — жоқ.
• “Whose” — the genitive on the owner and the “his / her” ending on the thing: -ның, -дың, -тың and their soft forms.
• “We” — -мыз, -быз, -пыз; “you” to several people — the one-person form + -дар / -дер; “our” — біздің + -ымыз.
• An adjective comes before the noun and doesn't change; “too” — да, де, та, те.